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Patience Transactions: Ethereum's Hidden Two-Tier Mempool

· 5 min read
Aubury Essentian
Ethereum Research

Ethereum's base fee is so low right now — bouncing between 0.025 and 0.97 gwei — that something unexpected has emerged in the mempool: a class of transactions that aren't too cheap to ever be included. They're just cheap enough to wait.

At 0.027 gwei, the median time to inclusion is 2.6 hours. At 0.030 gwei, it's 57 seconds. Three thousandths of a gwei separate an hour of waiting from near-instant inclusion — and whether you wait depends almost entirely on what time UTC it is when you submitted.